居住小区不因市场而失效——小区理论在市场机制下的理解与应用

"居住小区"一词虽然产生于计划经济,但与邻里单位是同一概念,都是工业化和城市现代化的产物,是不依政治经济体制而变化的客观需要。随着我国经济制度的逐步转型和市场化发展,居住区建设模式发生根本改变,小区理论以及技术标准受到诸多质疑。本文试图从小区理论的产生、与邻里单位的关系、国内外实践入手,阐述居住小区理论并未因市场化而失效,进而针对如何在市场条件下运用居住区基本原理提出相应的建议。     

Experimental study and modelling of Cr (VI) removal from wastewater using Lemna minor

The removal of Cr(VI) from wastewater by Lemna minor was studied both at laboratory and pilot scale. Laboratory tests were conducted under different conditions of initial Cr(VI) concentration (0.5 and 2.0 mg/l) and temperature (285 and 291 K). Batch experiments were carried out during 16 days in which the chromium concentrations, both in the biomass and in wastewater were measured. Data were used to characterize the biouptake capacity of the biomass; results showed that it increases with the temperature and when the initial Cr concentration decreases. The biouptake process could be fitted by an equation, with a correlation coefficient of 0.98. The removal process was assessed using the data of the variation of chromium concentration in the wastewater with respect to time; this allowed obtaining constant parameters which were applied in a mathematical model for the assessment of duckweed systems in a pilot scale plant.     

设备尺度对可燃材料失重速率的影响

文章分别利用锥型量热计和火灾早期特性实验台对柞木的失重速度进行了实验测量。研究结果表明：尺度效应的作用非常明显。相同辐射能量条件下，相比于火灾早期特性试验台实验，锥型量热计实验中试样容易着火，而且过程中火焰稳定，火陷持续时间较长。     

A simplified method for elastic large deflection analysis of plates and stiffened panels due to local buckling

A computational model for analysis of local buckling and postbuckling of stiffened panels is derived. The model provides a tool that is more accurate than existing design codes, and more efficient than nonlinear finite element methods. Any combination of biaxial in-plane compression or tension, shear, and lateral pressure may be analysed. Deflections are assumed in the form of trigonometric function series. The deformations are coupled such that continuity of rotation between the plate and the stiffener web is ensured, as well as longitudinal continuity of displacement. The response history is traced using energy principles and perturbation theory. The procedure is semi-analytical in the sense that all energy formulations are derived analytically, while a numerical method is used for solving the resulting set of equations, and for incrementation of the solution. The stress in certain critical points are checked using the von Mises yield criterion, and the onset of yielding is taken as an estimate of ultimate strength for design purposes.     

浅析高校学生宿舍内部空间的环境设计

随着信息化时代的到来和我国高等教育事业的蓬勃发展，高校的在校学生规模日益扩大，使得宿舍建设中存在的问题也日益显著。根据这一现象，对京津地区几所新建高校学生宿舍进行了调查，并分析了一些宿舍在使用过程中环境日渐恶劣的根本原因，从而进一步对目前宿舍内使用空间设计进行了总结与研究，提出了比较合理的整体与局部的空间尺度，力求为以后宿舍建筑的建设提供参考。     

山·水·林·城——伊春市中心城新区南区城市设计

以"人与自然"的生态规划思想为理论基础,以"山水林城"为核心,通过对现有原生态自然环境的挖掘、保护、利用与激活,体现了依山、理水、绕林和围城的共生理念。项目对规划用地内的山、水、林三个自然要素条件作出积极回应的同时,有机生成了具有独特地域个性的新城区。项目探索了中小城市如何因地制宜地形成自己特色这一现实性问题,指出了自然要素、地域形象和小城尺度是形成该区域整体风格的基本原则和策略。     

大型超市能耗动态模拟研究

建立了大型超市能耗动态模拟的计算模型。以上海某大型超市为例,应用DeST软件模拟和实际调研分析相结合的方法,对该大型超市的全年逐时能耗进行了模拟,并利用模拟结果分析了该大型超市的能耗现状和结构。利用该建筑实测能耗数据对模拟结果进行了验证,表明该计算模型准确合理。     

混沌理论对建筑与城市设计领域的启示

混沌理论给人类思维方式带来了深刻的变革。本文简要介绍了混沌理论的五个要点及其适用对象,针对每个要点探讨了对建筑与城市设计领域的启示,指出复杂性是城市的本质属性,要实现城市与建筑的可持续发展应该将它们视为有生命的存在。     

小城镇规模与用水量变化规律研究

针对小城镇给水规划中用水量确定不合理的现象，实地调查了10个区域的典型小城镇群（300个样本）1998年—2004年的用水量，采用“二次平均法”计算了不同规模的小城镇人均综合用水量水平。调研统计结果表明，各类小城镇用水日变化系数较大，建议取值为1.75～1．95；各类小城镇用水高峰出现的时间大致相似，但最高峰值与最低峰值之间的振幅随小城镇的规模减小而增大，时变化系数宜取2．0～2．4，小城镇规模越小或生产用水比例低时取高值，基本无生产用水的可适当放大。     

缩尺模型技术在厅堂音质设计中的应用

缩尺模型技术发展至今已有68年的历史，该技术广泛地应用于厅堂音质设计和预测方面，具有不可替代的作用，在论述缩尺模型的基本原理的基础上，探讨了缩尺模型实验技术的新进展和实现可听化的方法。